251 posts tagged with "Infrastructure"

On March 25, 2026, io.net flipped a switch that quietly redefined what "decentralized compute" means. Its new Agent Cloud no longer requires a human at the keyboard. AI agents — not engineers, not procurement teams, not DevOps — can now autonomously rent GPUs, run workloads, settle bills in stablecoins, and tear everything down without a single ticket, KYC form, or login.

That is the inflection point the DePIN industry has been circling for two years. The crypto-mining-style "earn passive rewards by plugging in a 3090" era is ending. What replaces it is a market where the customers are software, the suppliers are software, and the entire negotiation happens through Model Context Protocol calls and on-chain payments. io.net just became the first network to fully productize that future — and in doing so, it forced every other DePIN GPU project to answer a new question: what does your network look like when the buyer is a machine?

In May 2026, the DeFi yield aggregator category — the entire category, every Yearn vault, every Beefy auto-compounder, every cross-chain router combined — is worth roughly $1.6 billion in total value locked. Morpho, a single permissionless lending protocol, just hit $7.2 billion. That's 3.5x the whole aggregator industry, captured by one platform whose pitch is the opposite of an aggregator: a small set of professionally curated vaults rather than a universe of 800 yield options to choose from.

This is the unglamorous backdrop to Superform's December 2025 token sale, which closed at $4.7 million in commitments — more than double its $2 million target — alongside the mainnet launch of SuperVaults v2. Superform pitches itself as the universal yield layer: 800+ earning opportunities, $10 billion in aggregate TVL across 50 integrated protocols, 180,000 active users, ERC-1155A SuperPositions, cross-chain SuperBundler routing, an "onchain wealth app to effortlessly grow your crypto portfolio." Its own TVL? Roughly $32 million.

That gap — between the breadth of choice an aggregator offers and the capital that actually shows up — is the structural question hanging over every cross-chain yield protocol shipping in 2026. The answer Superform is betting on with v2 says something interesting about where DeFi yield is actually going.

The Aggregator Thesis That 2020 Promised And 2026 Quietly Buried​

When Yearn Finance launched in 2020, the thesis was clean: yield in DeFi is fragmented, gas-expensive, and operationally complex; users want one deposit, one withdraw, and a curve that goes up. Andre Cronje's vaults caught $7 billion at the peak. Convex layered on top of Curve and absorbed another $20 billion. Beefy expanded the model across 25+ chains. The premise was that aggregation creates value through three mechanisms: gas cost amortization, strategy diversification, and protocol-rate-arbitrage that solo retail can't execute.

Six years later, Convex sits at roughly $1.75 billion TVL — still the largest pure aggregator, but a fraction of its peak and increasingly Curve-specific rather than DeFi-wide. Yearn is at $406 million after years of decline, pulling itself back up with a v3 modular architecture that lets multiple strategies compose inside one vault. Beefy is at $197 million, spread across hundreds of vaults on smaller chains where competition is thinner. Pendle is the standout at $3.5 billion across 11 chains, but Pendle isn't really an aggregator — it's a yield-stripping primitive that splits future yield from principal, more like a fixed-income exchange than an auto-compounder.

The capital that didn't go to aggregators went to curated vaults. Morpho, Spark, and Kamino together hold close to $7 billion in vault deposits. Morpho alone added BlackRock-adjacent flows from Apollo, became the lending engine behind Coinbase's Bitcoin-backed loans, and pulled in deposits from Société Générale and Bitwise. The pitch isn't "we'll find you the best yield across 800 options." It's "Gauntlet curates this vault, here is the risk methodology, here are the markets it allocates to, here is a 4-8% APY on USDC."

The implication is uncomfortable for aggregators: institutional and high-net-worth capital — the segment that drove the last two years of DeFi TVL growth — does not want a Bloomberg Terminal of every yield opportunity. It wants a small number of vetted products with clear risk disclosures and named curators who own the methodology.

What Superform Actually Built​

Superform's protocol architecture is genuinely interesting on the technical side, even if the market is repricing what that architecture is worth. The core innovation is SuperPositions: ERC-1155A tokens (a security-enhanced variant of ERC-1155 with single-ID approvals and gas-efficient batch transfers) where each token ID represents a specific vault on a specific chain, and the balance represents shares in that vault. A user holding a SuperPosition on Ethereum is holding a unified on-chain object that represents yield earning on Arbitrum, Base, Optimism, or any of the seven chains the protocol supports.

The convertibility matters. Through the transmuteToERC20 function, users can wrap a SuperPosition into an aERC20 token for use elsewhere in DeFi — borrowing against it, using it as collateral, transferring it without bridge risk. This is structurally different from how traditional aggregators handle cross-chain yield, where moving a position from Arbitrum to Ethereum requires unwinding, bridging, and redeploying.

On top of the SuperPositions layer, the protocol stacks several routing primitives:

• SuperBundler executes cross-chain deposits across 8+ networks with a single signature, abstracting the multi-step bridge-then-deposit flow that has historically gated retail from cross-chain yield.
• SuperPools are liquidity pools of SuperPositions themselves, letting users swap directly into yield rather than going through the deposit flow — useful when you want exposure to mainnet yield from an L2 without paying full Ethereum gas.
• SuperVaults v2, launched December 3, 2025, are the protocol's first opinionated product layer. They combine variable-rate lending positions (think Aave or Morpho USDC vaults) with fixed-term Pendle PT positions into a single automated strategy.

That last item — SuperVaults v2 — is the most consequential, because it represents Superform admitting what the market has been telling aggregators for two years.

The Pivot Hidden Inside SuperVaults v2​

Read Superform's v2 marketing material carefully and the framing has shifted. The protocol now describes itself as "the onchain wealth app" and "the neobank with verifiable yield." The roadmap for Q1-Q2 2026 emphasizes a redesigned mobile experience, broader stablecoin yield products, and consumer-finance UX rather than maximal protocol coverage.

The product itself tells the same story. SuperVaults v2 doesn't expose users to 800 strategies; it presents a single product that splits capital between two known yield sources. Variable lending rates from blue-chip protocols give baseline APY and instant liquidity. Fixed Pendle PT positions lock in a known yield floor. The vault rebalances between them. Users see one APY, one risk profile, one dashboard.

This is not the "Bloomberg Terminal for yield" framing. It's much closer to what Morpho curators offer: a vetted strategy with a clear risk story, packaged for someone who wants to deposit USDC and forget about it. The aggregator infrastructure underneath is still doing real work — solver-routed cross-chain deposits, gas-efficient ERC-1155A position tracking, Pendle integration — but the user-facing product is now opinionated rather than universal.

The token sale numbers track this pivot. The $4.7M raise from cookie.fun on Legion was 2.35x oversubscribed against a $2M target, with allocation prioritized for verified contributors among the 180,000 active users. Cumulative funding now sits at roughly $9.5M including the $3M VanEck Ventures-led round from late 2024. None of those checks were written for "we'll list every ERC-4626 vault permissionlessly." They were written for "we'll be the consumer-facing layer that abstracts cross-chain yield into something a normal person can use."

What Aggregators Get Right That Curated Vaults Don't​

The story isn't that aggregators are dead. It's that the market has stratified.

Curated vault platforms like Morpho, Spark, and Kamino dominate where institutional capital sits: stablecoin vaults with named risk curators, conservative strategies, regulatory-friendly disclosures. These are deposits that will not move chain-to-chain chasing 50 basis points. They will sit in a Gauntlet-curated USDC vault on Base for quarters at a time because the curator's reputation is the product.

Universal aggregators like Superform, Beefy, and (in a different shape) LI.FI dominate where the use case is execution complexity rather than capital allocation. A user who wants to deploy capital across L2s without manually bridging, a multi-chain DAO treasury that needs unified position management, a sophisticated farmer rotating between LRT yields and stablecoin strategies — these workflows still need universal aggregation. They just don't pull the same TVL as a Morpho USDC vault, because the per-user notional is smaller.

Pendle occupies a third lane: yield-as-a-tradable-asset, where the value isn't aggregation or curation but creating fixed-income primitives out of variable yield streams. Its $3.5B TVL is essentially uncorrelated with the aggregator-versus-curated debate.

The real question for Superform — and for every protocol building universal cross-chain yield infrastructure in 2026 — is whether the execution-complexity lane is large enough to support a token-funded business at meaningful scale, or whether the protocol needs to graduate into the curated lane to capture the larger pool of institutional capital. SuperVaults v2 is the explicit attempt to do the latter without abandoning the former.

Infrastructure Implications​

For builders watching this play out, a few patterns are crystallizing:

Cross-chain yield without bridge risk requires unified position primitives, not just messaging. Superform's ERC-1155A approach — and similar work from LayerZero's OFT standard, Wormhole's NTT, and Circle's CCTP — is settling into a pattern where tokens that represent state across chains are first-class objects rather than wrapped representations. Builders who treat positions as transferable on-chain objects from day one have meaningfully better composability than those who bolt on cross-chain support later.

The aggregator-to-neobank pivot is the dominant 2026 path. Superform is not alone here. Beefy is launching curated "themed" vaults, Yearn v3 is shipping strategist-managed vaults with named operators, and even Pendle is moving toward retail-friendly fixed-yield products. The unified message: pure breadth doesn't pay; opinionated curation on top of broad infrastructure does.

Solver-routed intent execution is becoming table stakes. Whether you call it intents, solvers, bundlers, or routers, the pattern is the same: users specify an outcome, professional market makers compete to execute it, the protocol captures fee on the routing layer. Cross-chain deposits with a single signature is no longer a differentiator — it's the floor.

Mobile is the front line. Both Superform's Q1 roadmap and the broader DeFi neobank wave (Phantom, Coinbase Wallet's earn product, OKX Wallet's yield section) point at mobile-first as where consumer DeFi adoption gets won or lost. Desktop-first protocols that don't ship native mobile by end of 2026 will look the way SaaS products without mobile looked in 2012.

The Read on $4.7M Oversubscribed​

Superform's token sale closing at 2.35x its target during a quarter where Bitcoin fell 23.8% and the broader DeFi vault category retrenched is its own data point. It says retail and crypto-native capital — the demographic that participated in cookie.fun via Legion — still believes in the consumer-yield-app thesis even as institutional capital flows elsewhere. The bet is that the 180,000 active users and the SuperVaults v2 product can convert that demand into TVL growth meaningful enough to close the gap with curated vault platforms.

The honest version of the bet: Superform is not trying to be a $7B protocol like Morpho. It's trying to be the consumer-facing wealth layer that sits between users and platforms like Morpho, capturing routing fees and product-management margin on the way in. Whether that lane can support a $1B+ FDV depends on whether on-chain yield products meaningfully cross over into mainstream consumer finance during 2026 — which is exactly the question SVB, Grayscale, and every other 2026 institutional outlook is trying to answer with different framings.

What's clear from the numbers is that the original aggregator thesis — discover every yield, route capital to the best one, win — has been quietly displaced. The protocols still standing are the ones that figured out aggregation infrastructure is the means, not the product. Curation, packaging, and consumer UX are the product. SuperVaults v2 is Superform getting that memo.

For DeFi infrastructure broadly, that's a healthy shift. The 2020-2022 era of "aggregate everything, optimize for max APY" produced extraordinary capital efficiency at the cost of comprehensible risk. The 2026 era of curated vaults and opinionated wealth apps produces lower headline yields but legible risk, which is the precondition for the institutional capital that's actually willing to scale.

BlockEden.xyz powers cross-chain yield infrastructure with reliable RPC and indexing across 27+ chains, supporting the multi-chain routing and position-tracking workloads that aggregators and curated vault platforms depend on. Explore our API marketplace to build on infrastructure designed for the cross-chain DeFi era.

Sources​

• Superform Closes Token Sale with $4.7M in Commitments, as SuperVaults v2 Launches — Chainwire
• Superform TVL Stats & Charts — DefiLlama
• Top DeFi Yield Aggregators — TVL, Fees, & Revenue — DefiLlama
• Introducing SuperVaults v2: Powering the Neobank with Verifiable Yield — Superform Blog
• SuperPositions: A New Way to Represent Yield — Superform
• Introducing SuperPools: Chain Abstracted Yield — Superform
• ERC1155A | Superform v1 Documentation
• Morpho Hit Seven Billion TVL Without A Press Tour — Crypto News Navigator
• Morpho TVL, Fees & Revenue — DefiLlama
• The Complete Guide to DeFi Vaults in 2026 — DefiPrime
• What Are DeFi Vaults? A Complete 2026 Guide to Onchain Yield — RockawayX
• 7 Best DeFi Yield Aggregators in 2026 — CoinCodex
• Superform Raises $3M to Launch SuperVaults — Chainwire (December 2024)
• LI.FI Cross-Chain Aggregator Review — Stablecoin Insider

In a single week of April 2026, two seemingly unrelated SaaS incidents collided in a way that should reset every Web3 team's threat model. Vercel — the deployment platform under thousands of wallet UIs and dApp frontends — disclosed that an attacker had pivoted into its environment via a compromised AI productivity tool called Context.ai. Days later, vibe-coding platform Lovable was caught leaking source code, database credentials, and AI chat histories across thousands of pre-November-2025 projects through an unfixed authorization bug. The two stories share no shared infrastructure. They share something worse: the same blast pattern, where AI tools quietly became privileged identities inside the developer toolchain — and Web3 inherited the risk without ever pricing it.

Smart contract audits, multisig governance, hardware wallet signing — none of these defenses sit in the path that an attacker takes when they compromise the build pipeline that ships your users' transaction-approval UI. April 2026 made that gap visible. Whether the industry treats it as a wake-up call or another absorbed loss depends on what the next quarter looks like.

A company that earned more than $10 billion in net profit last year just released its flagship product under an open-source license that lets anyone use it, fork it, or build competing products on top of it — for free. That company is Tether, and the product is MiningOS: a full-stack Bitcoin mining operating system that previously represented the kind of proprietary infrastructure that commands $50,000-plus enterprise contracts in this market.

The move is either the most generous gift in the history of Bitcoin mining software, or one of the most sophisticated competitive strategy plays of 2026. Probably both.

The numbers should have been reassuring. Smart contract auditing has never been more sophisticated, formal verification is mainstream, and DeFi protocols have collectively spent hundreds of millions on security reviews. And yet, in the first quarter of 2026, the crypto industry lost more than $2 billion — including the single largest theft in the history of digital assets. The culprit wasn't a Solidity bug. It was a compromised developer laptop.

This is the defining security story of 2026: as on-chain code gets safer, attackers have moved off-chain. The battle is no longer fought in smart contract bytecode — it's fought in cloud credentials, developer machines, DNS records, npm packages, and the human psychology of multi-sig signers. Understanding this shift isn't optional for anyone building or investing in Web3 infrastructure.

The company that prints more dollars than most central banks just gave away its mining software for free — and the implications go far deeper than a charitable open-source contribution.

On February 2, 2026, Tether unveiled MiningOS (MOS) at the Plan B Forum in El Salvador, releasing a full-featured Bitcoin mining operating system under the permissive Apache 2.0 license. For an industry where comprehensive mining management software has historically commanded five-figure enterprise licensing fees, this wasn't just a product launch. It was a structural disruption — and a revealing window into how Tether thinks about its long-term position in the Bitcoin economy.

In 1995, Netscape and Microsoft fought the "browser wars" for control of how humans navigated the web. Today, four protocols — Google's Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP), Coinbase and Cloudflare's x402, Stripe and Paradigm's Tempo, and Circle's Arc — are fighting a quieter but structurally larger battle: controlling how machines pay each other.

The numbers justify the urgency. McKinsey projects global agentic commerce will reach $3 to $5 trillion by 2030. AI agents are already transacting in stablecoins — x402 alone processed 165 million agent transactions with 69,000 active agents by April 2026. And the total stablecoin market just crossed $318 billion in circulating supply, with $46 trillion in annual settlement volume, providing the liquidity substrate that AI agents need to operate autonomously.

The protocol that becomes the default payment rail for AI agents will sit at the foundation of the next-generation internet economy. That is why 2026's most important infrastructure fight is not happening on a blockchain — it's happening in the standards committees, developer SDKs, and enterprise partnership announcements of four very different organizations.

The Four Contenders​

Google UCP: The Commerce-Layer Play​

Google announced its Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) in January 2026, developed in collaboration with Shopify and backed by over 20 launch partners including Walmart, Target, Etsy, Wayfair, Mastercard, Visa, American Express, and Adyen. UCP is already powering checkout experiences in Google's AI Mode in Search and the Gemini app, letting US shoppers complete purchases from eligible retailers during conversational AI sessions using Google Pay.

But UCP is not a payment protocol in the narrow sense — it is a commerce protocol. It standardizes the entire agentic shopping journey: discovery, product representation, negotiation, checkout, and fulfillment. Think of it as defining the vocabulary that an AI shopping agent and a merchant's e-commerce system use to communicate, covering everything from inventory queries to shipping confirmations.

For payments specifically, UCP delegates to Google's Agent Payments Protocol (AP2), which enables stablecoin transactions alongside traditional payment methods. AP2 was co-developed with Coinbase, the Ethereum Foundation, MetaMask, and 60+ other organizations — and Google's own A2A x402 extension shows that AP2 and x402 can function as complementary layers rather than competitors.

Google's distribution advantage is formidable. With 3 million+ Google Cloud customers, 500 million Google Shopping users, and the Gemini assistant already fielding commerce queries at scale, Google UCP has the potential to become the default standard through sheer surface area before any developer writes a single line of integration code.

x402: The HTTP-Native Micropayment Layer​

x402 emerged from a deceptively simple insight: the HTTP protocol reserved status code 402 — "Payment Required" — in 1991 but never defined what it meant. Coinbase and Cloudflare activated that dormant specification in September 2025, giving it a clear definition: when a server returns a 402 response, it includes machine-readable payment instructions, and any HTTP client — including an AI agent — can programmatically fulfill the payment in USDC and retry the request with a payment authorization header.

No user accounts. No session tokens. No API keys. Just HTTP and stablecoins.

By March 2026, x402 had processed over 50 million transactions on Solana alone. Stripe integrated x402 into its PaymentIntents API. Google's AP2 explicitly incorporates x402 for agent-to-agent crypto settlements. Cloudflare's network processes one billion HTTP 402 "payment required" responses every day. Supported networks include Base, Ethereum, Polygon, Optimism, Arbitrum, Solana, Aptos, Sui, and Stellar.

x402 is transport-layer infrastructure. It does not define discovery, catalog management, or fulfillment — it only answers the question: "How does an agent pay for a resource programmatically?" That narrow scope is its strength. Any protocol stack can incorporate x402 as the settlement layer without adopting x402's entire philosophy. Both Google AP2 and emerging agent frameworks have already done exactly that.

The x402 Foundation, jointly launched by Coinbase and Cloudflare with AWS and Visa as founding members, provides the governance structure to prevent x402 from becoming a single-vendor product. The irony that Google signed on as a founding member while simultaneously shipping UCP and AP2 as competing stacks reveals how the industry expects these protocols to coexist rather than compete.

Stripe Tempo: The ISO 20022 Enterprise Rail​

Stripe and Paradigm's Tempo mainnet launched in March 2026, following a December 2025 testnet. Unlike the other protocols on this list, Tempo is a Layer 1 blockchain — purpose-built for payments with no native gas token, settling transaction fees in major stablecoins instead. That architectural choice eliminates the token price volatility that makes crypto gas costs a liability for enterprise treasury teams.

Tempo's differentiator is ISO 20022 compliance — the international financial messaging standard that global banks, central banks, and clearinghouses use for payment memos and reconciliation. When an enterprise using Tempo's Machine Payment Protocol (MPP) sends a stablecoin payment, the transaction carries structured financial metadata that drops directly into existing accounting and treasury management systems without custom integration work.

That is a fundamentally different value proposition from x402 or UCP. Where x402 targets developer APIs and UCP targets Google's consumer commerce surface, Tempo targets the enterprise treasury function: CFOs, bank integrations, SWIFT migration paths, and cross-border payment flows where the $226 billion in B2B stablecoin payments (growing 733% year-over-year by 2026) is concentrated.

Early Tempo adopters include Klarna (announced plans to launch a stablecoin on Tempo's mainnet), Visa, Nubank, and Shopify during the testnet phase. The Machine Payment Protocol released alongside the mainnet launch positions Tempo as the settlement layer for AI agent commerce in enterprise contexts — a narrower market than Google UCP's mass-consumer play, but one where switching costs are higher and average transaction size is orders of magnitude larger.

Circle Arc: The Compliance-Native Settlement Chain​

Circle Arc is the most recent entrant, raising $222 million in a presale at a $3 billion fully diluted valuation — with BlackRock and Apollo among the participants — and targeting a summer 2026 mainnet launch. Arc is a stablecoin-native Layer 1 blockchain designed specifically for enterprise-grade value movement: predictable fees, deterministic finality in under one second, compliance-ready privacy, and direct integration with Circle's USDC and CCTP infrastructure.

Where Tempo's enterprise differentiation is ISO 20022 compatibility with existing bank systems, Arc's differentiation is regulatory positioning. Circle, as the publicly listed issuer of USDC and one of the most regulated entities in the crypto industry, brings compliance infrastructure at the protocol layer. Arc's early participants include fintechs, cross-border payments firms, retail and B2B payment networks, and remittance companies — entities that need not just speed and finality but auditable compliance rails that hold up under regulatory scrutiny.

Circle's "infrastructure-without-credit" strategy is also notable. Arc Network has powered stablecoin settlement for multiple high-profile partnerships — Meta creator payments, AWS Bedrock integrations, Solana Pay.sh — often without appearing in the press release. That quiet accumulation of switching costs, as enterprise partners build settlement logic around Circle's API and CCTP, is the long game Arc is playing.

The IPO angle matters here: if Arc generates meaningful ARR from B2B settlement infrastructure, Circle's valuation shifts from "stablecoin float income" (5–10x revenue multiple) to "fintech infrastructure SaaS" (20–30x multiple) — a structural repricing that explains why raising $222 million at a $3 billion valuation made financial sense for Circle's shareholders.

Why There Won't Be a Single Winner​

The browser wars of 1995 ended with one browser dominant on desktops for a decade. The payment protocol wars of 2026 will not resolve the same way — and that is not a sign of market immaturity, but of structural design.

These four protocols solve fundamentally different problems at different layers of the agent commerce stack:

• UCP defines the commerce journey from intent to fulfillment — the application layer
• x402 defines how an agent pays for any web resource — the transport layer
• Tempo defines how enterprises settle and reconcile stablecoin payments — the enterprise rails layer
• Arc defines how regulated institutions move stablecoin value with compliance guarantees — the institutional settlement layer

The analogy that holds is not browser wars but the TCP/IP stack itself: HTTP, DNS, TLS, and TCP solve different problems and all run simultaneously on every internet connection. The fact that Google's AP2 explicitly extended x402, rather than replacing it, is the clearest signal that the major players understand they are building a stack, not competing for a single slot.

The genuine competition is not between these protocols but for the center of gravity within the stack — which protocol becomes the default that others integrate into rather than the one doing the integrating.

What This Means for Web3 Infrastructure​

The emergence of AI agent payment protocols creates a new category of RPC and infrastructure demand that differs substantially from traditional DeFi traffic patterns.

DeFi traffic is characterized by occasional, high-value, human-initiated transactions: a swap, a liquidity provision, a governance vote. Agent commerce generates the inverse pattern — continuous, low-value, machine-initiated transactions: an API call, a data feed subscription, an agent-to-agent microtransaction.

At 165 million x402 transactions with 69,000 active agents by April 2026 — and with McKinsey's $5 trillion 2030 projection requiring orders of magnitude more — the infrastructure requirements are categorically different.

High-frequency agent transactions require sub-100ms RPC response times (not the 500ms acceptable for human-confirmed swaps), pay-per-call pricing that matches the economics of micropayments, and rate-limit profiles that accommodate burst traffic from coordinated agent swarms without penalizing individual agent operators.

The protocols that embed x402 or AP2 settlement will also generate new archival demands: compliance-grade transaction logs for enterprise audit trails, multi-chain routing across the 10+ networks x402 supports, and NAV-consistent stablecoin accounting that regulators will require as AI agent commerce scales into regulated domains.

The $5 trillion agentic commerce market is not a 2030 prediction — it is a 2026 infrastructure buildout in progress. The protocol war is already happening. The winner will not be a single protocol but the infrastructure providers that support all four layers simultaneously.

BlockEden.xyz provides high-performance RPC endpoints across 12+ blockchains including Base, Ethereum, Solana, Aptos, and Sui — the core settlement networks for x402, Google AP2, and emerging AI agent payment infrastructure. Explore our API marketplace to build agent commerce applications on foundations designed for machine-scale traffic.

Prediction markets processed over $26 billion in volume in Q1 2026. Yet until April 28, the platform at the center of that explosion was running on bridged infrastructure that introduced risks no institutional market maker could quietly accept. That changed with Polymarket's most consequential engineering decision since launch.

Solana is already the fastest general-purpose blockchain in production. Sub-400 millisecond blocks, theoretical throughput of 65,000 transactions per second, fees measured in fractions of a cent. So why would anyone build a Layer 2 on top of it — and why would Solana's own co-founder invest in one?

That question sits at the heart of SOON, a project that is not really trying to scale Solana. Instead, SOON is trying to export Solana's engine to every chain on earth.